Memorex CP8 TURBO UNIVERSAL REMOTE CONTROL Bedienungsanleitung PDF herunterladen (Seite 88)

100

PULSE

-CODE

MODULATION

TABLE 2 -PPM

CONVERSION

CHART

(Continued

from page

59)

represents

it's amplitude

some specific

point in

time. For

example, an 8 -bit

A/D puts out

8 -bit word

from 0 to 255.

In that manner

an analog

voltage

from say 0

to 2.55 volts can

represented by

number.

One

volt would

be 100.

For our

example use table 3 to

convert the

signal

to code. In

Fig. I a four -bit A/D

converter is represented by bits 0-3.

Each voltage

is assigned a four bit

code.

that manner, any

voltage from

-5 to 10

volts

can be represented with

a least

significant

bit (LSB)

of 1

volt.

Although some

people may

have some

problem

with

zero

volts

being

represented by the

code 0101 (5),

any coding system that

you

wish

to use is okay.

The only

restriction is that

the

same

code must be

used to

decode the

waveform.

Going Further

This

is by no means

a comprehensive list of

all of the pulse

codes in

use today, but it does hit

upon the basics, and I hope

sheds

some light on why

some of these

techniques are used.

If you would

like to explore

these techniques in more

depth,

try one of

the following:

Signetics Application

Notes AN /70 -NE555

and NE556

applications.

The applications

notes describes how the ever -

popular 555 timer can be used to

build a pulse

-width modu-

lator

and a pulse

-position modulator.

The Art of

Electronics, by Horowitz

and Hill, published

Cambridge Press.

Basic

explanation of PAM, PWM, PPM,

and PCM.

Understanding Data

Communications, by

George E.

Friend, John

L. Fike, H. Charles Baker,

and John

Bell-

Average Voltage

Pulse Position

(in units)

-50

-45

35 -40

30 -35

25 -30

-25

-20

-15

5 -10

0- 5

TABLE

VOLTAGE

AS PCM

CODE

Average Voltage

PCM

Code

Binary Decimal

1010

1001

1000

2 0111 7

0110

o 0101

-1 0100 4

-2 0011

-3 0010 2

-4 0001 1

-5 0000

amy, Howard W.

Sams and

Company publisher. This book is

carried by Radio

Shack and is

part

of the Texas

Instruments

series of

books. It covers

almost all forms of radio frequency

modulation, including pulse

-code modulation.

CASINO

DICE GAME

(Continued from

page 36)

number (on

the first roll)

that's display on

the dice is 7 or 11,

check that

WIN

lamp

LED16 is on.

If the two dice

total 2, 3, or

12,

LED15 should

turn on (you've lost).

Roll several

times

to check the circuit's

operation. Remember

it is neces-

sary

to reset

the circuit after

each

win

or loss for the

circuit to

work

correctly.

If you

"throw" any other number

(4,

8, 9, and 10)

that

number becomes your

"point."

Check that the

total

lighted LEDs

of the two

dice equals the number

indicated by

the lighted LED on

the POINT line.

The finishing

touch is

permanently

mount

the project in

enclosure behind a piece of

red transparent plastic

(bezel).

The

dice spots, point

number, and

WIN

LASE lamps

are

visible

below

the

surface

the panel.

When

assembling

the

unit,

mount the LEDs

after the panel is in place,

and mount

them

high

enough to touch the

bottom of the front

panel

before soldering

them in place.

In the author's prototype,

four

/:s'

long 4 -40

threaded standoffs were

used between the PC

board

and face

plate.

The face plate is

cut larger than the PC board so

that it can

be mounted

easily into a case of your

choice. The front panel

Computerized

Craps

(which

is available from

the

supplier

given in

the Parts List) is shown in the

photo that appears on

the first page of

this article.

When you finish assembling the

project game, you can

really

make an in -depth

study

of the odds. You can

also

spice

up your

next party with

an appeal that can not be resisted by

U3 U8

U5 U14

U15 U18

w .M

od. .o,

41.

tie

U4 U9 U6

U11 U10 U12 U13

U1l

U16

Shown here is the dice game's

fully -populated

printed -

circuit board. Note the positioning of the components. particu-

larly the 3- terminal regulator. Once soldered to

the

board,

the

regulator

is bent

back and secured

the

board with

a screw.

any "high roller...

It you

like to gamble,

you could

even lose

some

money while

you are having

lot

of fun. Of course,

you

can

still

have fun

and

win,

too. The

game takes

care of the

menial task of keeping

track of

the point

and settles a lot of

arguments

before

they start. As it was

mentioned earlier, the

only thing missing

is the noise

of the

dice.

1 2 ... 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 ... 99 100

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